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Dream Interpretation Features at Jung Subject Level, Prospective Aspect,
Compensation, Amplification
Examples of dream approach at Jung
-> Dream Interpretation Methods (email course)
-> Methods of Exploration of the Unconscious
Jung was the eminent adept of Freud and, for a while, a tireless fighter for the Freudian cause, that is, the universal promotion of
psychoanalysis. He was influenced by Freud's approach towards the delicate problem of dream interpretation. Later on, Jung develops his own theory which includes a few basic elements: subject level, prospective
aspect, compensation, amplification method.It is known that Freud interprets dreams on the object level; that is, according to the relationship between the dreamer and the persons or situations
in his real life. Jung introduces the subject level. What is this level? The fact that the dream reveals in a symbolic way features of individual psychological life or of his internal psychological
transformations. This way the dream becomes an indicator of those changes that sometimes point out the development of the individuation process. So, if someone dreams of his mother, the mother in
Jung's view is not an evocation of the real mother, but of the dreamer's anima, that is his emotional feminine side of a male psyche. Mother can also be a suggestion to what is basically biologic in the human
nature or can leads to ideas and concepts familiar to the individual, that represent his inherited background, his homeland in a cultural way. Freud's dream approach is retrospective;
that is, it refers mainly to past events, placed back in the dreamer's childhood (psychological trauma, sexual fixations and desires, and so forth). Jung's dream approach prospective; it represents a kind of
map of dreamer's future psychological evolution. Talking about infantile complexes, Jung states, in accordance to his orientation, that complexes are not of importance per se, but what
the person's unconscious does with them. This way, the complexes, even the neurotic ones, become raw material for dreams, the language through which the dream (unconscious) expresses itself.
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For Jung the concept of compensation includes another powerful idea: the dream
is an attempt to counterbalance a hypertrophied conscious psychological tendency. Dream interpretation should aim at the uncovering of its compensation's
feature. In a certain clinical situation, as a result of a dream interpretation, Jung had to explain to his patient that she must resign her too rationalist attitude (as a consequence of her animus
inflation). This way the dream becomes a message of the unconscious that indicate several disastrous deficiencies in the individual life orientation.Finally, Jung adds to the
free association method, developed by Freud, the method of amplification. He states that there are elements of the dream to which the dreamer cannot provide personal associations. These elements are symbols
(see section on symbols). In this case, the analyst should intervene with his knowledge and complete the dreamer's gaps related to them. The associative
material comes from various cultural directions: mythology, religion, alchemy, folklore... One must notice that these essential additions to the theory
of dream interpretation should not be taken over easily. Jung warns us repeatedly that dreams ought to be
interpreted at first by Freud's method. Only exceptional cases demand the use of his own method.
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